Saturday, March 3, 2012

Research Paper

Xavier,

We are finally finished.  I just wanted to take the time to say, "thank you" for being a great partner!  It was very interesting how we both composed the body of the paper and our ideas were on the same track, but we both brought different points of view to the paper.  I really appreciate your cooperation, and am glad that this is behind us!  You have been a pleasure to work with and I have enjoyed going through the process of building the paper with you as we texted and emailed back and forth to edit and finalize the paper.

Sunday, February 12, 2012

Outline




Xavier,

The outline looks great! Please let me know when you want to begin compiling research and composing the paper.

Sunday, February 5, 2012

Facebook's Photo Policy - Intellectual Property

Intellectual Property
Learn about intellectual property rights on Facebook and how to report content you believe infringes your intellectual property rights.

We respect the intellectual property rights of others and we prohibit users from posting content that violates another party's intellectual property right...
We respect the intellectual property rights of others and we prohibit users from posting content that violates another party's intellectual property rights. When we receive a proper claim of IP infringement, we promptly remove or disable access to the allegedly infringing content. We also terminate the accounts of repeat infringers in appropriate circumstances.
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Yes, you retain the copyright to your content. When you upload your content, you grant us a license to use and display that content. For more information...
Yes, you retain the copyright to your content. When you upload your content, you grant us a license to use and display that content. For more information please visit our Statement of Rights and Responsibilities, which contains information about intellectual property, as well as your privileges and responsibilities as a Facebook user.
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The material uploaded to the Facebook website is uploaded by our users. Our Statement of Rights and Responsibilities prohibit users from posting content t...
The material uploaded to the Facebook website is uploaded by our users. Our Statement of Rights and Responsibilities prohibit users from posting content that violates another party's intellectual property rights. We encourage our users to report instances of copyright infringement using the procedures outlined in our How to Report Claims of Intellectual Property Infringement page, and we terminate the accounts of repeat infringers in appropriate circumstances.
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You may only upload content to Facebook if you are certain that you have the legal right to do so. We strictly prohibit the posting of infringing material...
You may only upload content to Facebook if you are certain that you have the legal right to do so. We strictly prohibit the posting of infringing material on Facebook, and we terminate the accounts of repeat infringers. If you are not certain that you are legally authorized to use the content, do not upload it to Facebook. If you have done so already, you should remove it immediately.
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Just because you have recorded content onto your own recording device, this does not necessarily mean that you own the copyright to that material or that...
Just because you have recorded content onto your own recording device, this does not necessarily mean that you own the copyright to that material or that you are authorized to use it. Disclaiming ownership of that content cannot protect you from infringing on the true owner's copyright. If you have any question whatsoever as to whether you are legally authorized to post any content, consult an attorney before uploading it to the Facebook website.
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Facebook video is meant for uploading and sharing personal content. We've designed the application to discourage misuse, and our users agree to upload onl...
Facebook video is meant for uploading and sharing personal content. We've designed the application to discourage misuse, and our users agree to upload only video of a personal nature that is about them or their friends, or created by them or their friends.
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Reports of Intellectual Property Infringement
We respect the intellectual property rights of others and we prohibit users from posting content that violates another party's intellectual property right...
We respect the intellectual property rights of others and we prohibit users from posting content that violates another party's intellectual property rights. When we receive a proper claim of IP infringement, we promptly remove or disable access to the allegedly infringing content. We also terminate the accounts of repeat infringers in appropriate circumstances.

If you believe that content on the Facebook website violates another party's intellectual property rights, you should contact the rights owner directly. If you believe that content is accessible on the Facebook website in violation of your own IP rights, please visit our How to Report Claims of Intellectual Property Infringement page for more information.
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Some applications, as you may know, are created and operated by third party developers. As such, Facebook does not have the ability to control the content...
Some applications, as you may know, are created and operated by third party developers. As such, Facebook does not have the ability to control the content made available through these applications.

That being said, if a third party application developer does not comply with his/her legal obligations related to content issues, that developer may be in breach of our Statement of Rights & Responsibilities. We suggest contacting the developer of this application directly with your concerns. After working with this developer, please let us know if the problem persists.
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If you are attempting to request the removal of an image of your child, you can take the appropriate steps here to receive additional support. Facebook r...
If you are attempting to request the removal of an image of your child, you can take the appropriate steps here to receive additional support.

Facebook removes photos or videos that violate our Statement of Rights and Responsibilities in some way. You can report an abusive photo or video by using the "Report" links located near most pieces of content on the Facebook to report offensive material. If you're tagged in a photo or video you don't like, you can remove the tag by clicking the "remove tag" link next to your name. Your name will be removed, and the photo or video will no longer be associated with your profile (timeline).

If you have a copyright complaint in any jurisdiction, you can find more information here.

If you think a photo should be removed because it violates your rights according to a privacy law (originating outside the United States of America), please explain in detail how it violates this law here, and we'll investigate further.

If you think non-photo content (i.e., a video) should be removed because it violates your rights according to a local and national privacy law (originating outside the United States of America), please explain in detail how it violates this law here, and we'll investigate further.

We will remove photos that you report as unauthorized if this is required by relevant privacy laws provided that you are pictured in the photo and you have filled out the appropriate contact form in its entirety. If you're not the person pictured in the content you wish to report, or their legal representative, please advise that individual to view this page and make the request.

If you live in a country where the law does not require the removal of unauthorized photos for privacy reasons, including the United States, we will not remove unauthorized photos at your request. You may want to consider contacting the user who posted the photo in order to request that it be removed.
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Your content was removed because we determined that it violates the Facebook Statement of Rights and Responsibilities ("Statement") to which you agreed wh...
Your content was removed because we determined that it violates the Facebook Statement of Rights and Responsibilities ("Statement") to which you agreed when you registered to use the Facebook website. The Facebook Statement includes our content, intellectual property and privacy policies. Please reread our Statement and be certain that all of your remaining content on the Facebook website complies with these rules.
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Depending on the specifics of your case, you will be contacted by Facebook about the allegation and possible next steps. Please note that if you repeatedl...
Depending on the specifics of your case, you will be contacted by Facebook about the allegation and possible next steps. Please note that if you repeatedly infringe other people's intellectual property rights, we will disable your account when appropriate.
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For more information about usernames, please click here.
For more information about usernames, please click here.
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Privacy, Security, and Harassment
If you are attempting to request the removal of an image of your child, you can take the appropriate steps here to receive additional support. Facebook r...
If you are attempting to request the removal of an image of your child, you can take the appropriate steps here to receive additional support.

Facebook removes photos or videos that violate our Statement of Rights and Responsibilities in some way. You can report an abusive photo or video by using the "Report" links located near most pieces of content on the Facebook to report offensive material. If you're tagged in a photo or video you don't like, you can remove the tag by clicking the "remove tag" link next to your name. Your name will be removed, and the photo or video will no longer be associated with your profile (timeline).

If you have a copyright complaint in any jurisdiction, you can find more information here.

If you think a photo should be removed because it violates your rights according to a privacy law (originating outside the United States of America), please explain in detail how it violates this law here, and we'll investigate further.

If you think non-photo content (i.e., a video) should be removed because it violates your rights according to a local and national privacy law (originating outside the United States of America), please explain in detail how it violates this law here, and we'll investigate further.

We will remove photos that you report as unauthorized if this is required by relevant privacy laws provided that you are pictured in the photo and you have filled out the appropriate contact form in its entirety. If you're not the person pictured in the content you wish to report, or their legal representative, please advise that individual to view this page and make the request.

If you live in a country where the law does not require the removal of unauthorized photos for privacy reasons, including the United States, we will not remove unauthorized photos at your request. You may want to consider contacting the user who posted the photo in order to request that it be removed.
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Fake profiles (timelines) created to imitate real people (impostor accounts) are not allowed on Facebook. If someone created an account pretending to be...
Fake profiles (timelines) created to imitate real people (impostor accounts) are not allowed on Facebook.

If someone created an account pretending to be you:
  1. Go to the profile (timeline)
  2. Click the and then select Report/Block
  3. Click This profile (timeline) is pretending to be someone or is fake
  4. Choose Pretending to be me from the type drop-down
  5. Click Continue to submit your report


Note: If you can’t view the profile (timeline) you’re trying to report, ask a friend to file a report for you.
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If someone created a Facebook profile (timeline) pretending to be you and you don’t have a Facebook account, please file a report.
If someone created a Facebook profile (timeline) pretending to be you and you don’t have a Facebook account, please file a report.
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Please visit our Security page to take immediate steps to secure your account.
Please visit our Security page to take immediate steps to secure your account.
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Pornography, hate speech, threats, graphic violence, bullying, and spam are not allowed on Facebook. Please note that we will only remove content that vio...
Pornography, hate speech, threats, graphic violence, bullying, and spam are not allowed on Facebook. Please note that we will only remove content that violates the Facebook Terms. For information about what we allow and don’t allow on Facebook, please read our Community Standards.

To submit a report, find the report link that is nearest to what you want to report.



Other tools for addressing abuse


Our community is diverse, and it's possible that something could be disagreeable or disturbing to you without the criteria for being removed or blocked. For this reason, we also offer tools to give you more control over what you see.


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Find more answers from Facebook here.
Find more answers from Facebook here.
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ZDNet's - Friending Facebook Article

Court: tagging Facebook photos without permission is okay

By | March 18, 2011, 2:23pm PDT
Summary: A court in Kentucky has ruled that uploading and tagging Facebook photos without permission is okay, assuming no other laws are broken in the process.
The Court of Appeals in Kentucky has upheld a lower court custody decision made in part on the basis of tagged photos on Facebook. In Lalonde vs. Lalonde, a father and mother were battling over the custody of their child.
The father was awarded custody based on evidence that the child’s mother had been drinking – something her psychiatrists warned could adversely interfere with her medication. The mother argued that since she did not give permission to upload or tag the Facebook photos of her, they shouldn’t have been admissible.
The court disagreed:
There is nothing within the law that requires [one's] permission when someone takes a picture and posts it on a Facebook page. There is nothing that requires [one's] permission when she [is] “tagged” or identified as a person in those pictures.
It appears that protesting the use of a photo as evidence because it was uploaded and tagged by someone else is not a valid claim, at least in the US. That being said, it would be unwise to overstate the court’s conclusion.
“Some instances of tagging might be part of something actionable,” said Evan Brown, a Chicago internet law attorney. “For example, the posting and tagging of photos in the right context might constitute harassment, infliction of emotional distress, or invasion of privacy. Use of another’s photo on the web without permission for commercial purposes might violate that person’s right of publicity. And of course there is the question of copyright as to the uploading of the photo in the first place — if the person appearing in the photo owns the copyright (e.g., it’s a self-portrait) there is the risk of infringement. But it’s interesting to see the court appear to validate ordinary tagging.”
Facebook is increasingly being used as legal testimony. Earlier this month I wrote about how the social network is the unrivaled leader for online divorce evidence with 66 percent citing it as the primary source, according to the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers.
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Topics

NY Times Article - Use My Photo? Not Without Permission

Link By Link

Use My Photo? Not Without Permission

Published: October 1, 2007
THIS is no “star is born” story for the digital age, though at first it may seem like one.
One moment, Alison Chang, a 15-year-old student from Dallas, is cheerfully goofing around at a local church-sponsored car wash, posing with a friend for a photo. Weeks later, that photo is posted online and catches the eye of an ad agency in Australia, and Alison appears on a billboard in Adelaide as part of a Virgin Mobile advertising campaign.
Four months later, she and her family are in Federal District Court in Dallas suing for damages.
On the billboard, Alison’s friend has vanished and so has the Adidas logo on her hat. Her image is accompanied by a mocking slogan — according to the ad, Alison is the kind of loser “pen friend” (pen pal) whom subscribers will finally be able to “dump” when they get a cellphone.
The conduit for this unusual bit of cultural exchange, it quickly emerged, was the Flickr photograph-sharing service, which is owned by Yahoo. The image had been uploaded to the site by the photographer, Justin Ho-Wee Wong, Alison’s church youth counselor.
Much more than a virtual attic for old photographs, Flickr has flourished as a gathering point for friends and family who want to keep in touch with one another’s lives — a social network with photographs as the organizing principle.
The site simultaneously has become a global clearinghouse for images; at last count, it had more than a billion of them. With its extensive cataloging, the site allows users to search through strangers’ digital photo albums for topics, faces or locations that interest them. That includes, apparently, Australian ad executives holding a casting call for exuberant young Americans.
There are many accusations of people misusing Flickr photographs, including the case of an Icelandic woman who says an online gallery based in Britain sold her work without her approval, and a German photographer who says a right-wing Norwegian political party used a photo of her sister in its materials also without permission.
A most recent example concerns Lindsay Beyerstein, a Flickr member, who says she sent a cease-and-desist letter to Fox News last week over the use by “The O’Reilly Factor” of her photograph of a blogger; the photo can be viewed at Flickr where Ms. Beyerstein has reserved all her rights. Fox News said it had not received the complaint yet.
In another Flickr twist to the Virgin Mobile case, it was a Flickr member from Adelaide, Brenton Cleeland, who first noticed the ad on Churchill Road and, naturally, photographed it to share on Flickr. In the spirit of a site populated with amateur photographers in search of an audience, Mr. Cleeland wanted to spread the news of Mr. Wong’s success. “I wonder if he knows that his photo is being used here,” he wrote in a posting, adding, “Anyway, congratulations!”
Alison, however, was the first to chime in online, and was hardly as pleased: “Hey that’s me! no joke. i think i’m being insulted.”
Chang v. Virgin Mobile USA is not the typical intellectual property rights case. A prolific member of Flickr, Mr. Wong has more than 11,000 photographs there that anyone with the time or inclination could page through. And, until recently, those photographs carried a license from Creative Commons, a nonprofit group seeking alternatives to copyright and license laws. The license he selected allowed them to be used by anyone in any way, including for commercial purposes, as long as Mr. Wong was credited.
Instead, the case hinges on privacy, the right of people not to have their likeness used in an ad without permission. So, while Mr. Wong may have given away his rights as a photographer, he did not, and could not, give away Alison’s rights. In the lawsuit, which Mr. Wong is also a party to, there is an argument that Virgin did not honor all the terms of the nonrestrictive license.
(Virgin Mobile USA, in a statement, did not address the issues in the lawsuit but said that, as a “independent entity from Virgin Mobile Australia,” it had been “erroneously named” in the suit. An e-mail message to a Virgin Mobile Australia spokeswoman was not answered.)
Damon Chang, Alison’s brother, wrote in an e-mail message from Taiwan that he “personally sent Virgin Mobile a complaint letter” asking for an explanation. “They responded by saying they are ‘promoting creative freedom,’ that they didn’t do anything wrong,” Mr. Chang wrote. “I take that as, ‘We didn’t do anything wrong, hence we could do it again.”
The lawsuit, filed by the Changs’ lawyer, Ryan Zehl, from the Houston law firm Fitts Zehl, also names Creative Commons. Mr. Zehl said, “as the creator of this new license, they have an obligation to define it succinctly.”
He said that the term “commercial use” was too vague to inform users of the license and that it was incumbent on Creative Commons to raise the issue of the rights of the people who appear in the picture.
Lawrence Lessig, the Stanford law professor who was served the papers on behalf of Creative Commons, said he was sympathetic to the Changs’ plight.
But, added that, “the part about us is puzzling. It says we failed to instruct the photographer adequately, but the first question is, ‘do you want to allow commercial uses?’”
As for giving more advice about the rights of the subjects who appear in photographs, Mr. Lessig said that Creative Commons has to be careful not to provide “what looks like legal advice.” But, he added, “this photographer did nothing wrong when he took this photo of this girl, and posted it on his Flickr page. What he did wasn’t commercial use, which triggers the legal issues. If there was a problem here, it was by Virgin.”
In the world of creative works, photography has always been in a category alone. The camera was seen as a “soul stealer” in its infancy, and the fact that a photograph was a copy of reality intrigued theorists like Susan Sontag, who wrote presciently in “On Photography” (1977) about the attraction to photographs felt by ad directors.
“Photography does not simply reproduce the real, it recycles it — a key procedure of modern society,” she wrote. “In the form of photographic images, things and events are put to new uses, assigned new meanings which go beyond the distinctions between the beautiful and the ugly, the true and false, the useful and the useless, good taste and bad.”
She concluded, “In the form of a photograph the explosion of an A-bomb can be used to advertise a safe.”

Tuesday, January 31, 2012

Ethical Issues #1 or #4

Which issue do you think that we could include more supporting information, #1: Uploading photos without permission or #4 Finding a USB Device?  I'm at a block with both.  I think that both would be good topics. What is due for the project for this week?

Sunday, January 29, 2012

Invitation

Xavier,

I have opened the blog page.  Please let me know what you think or would like to revise.  Are you ready to begin?  Any ideas?  I have sent Zenda Jacobs a message to invite her to join our group.  Do you know of anyone who has not joined a group?

Nancy